The Jews disliked losing Jerusalem—which had a majority Jewish population at that time—and worried about the tenability of a noncontiguous state. The Ottoman authorities feared the loyalty of the new immigrants not so much because of their Jewishness but because of concern that their loyalty was primarily to their country of origin, Russia, with whom the Ottoman Empire had a long history of conflicts: immigrant loyalty to Russia might ultimately undermine Turkish control in the region of Palestine. (See isrāʾ and miʿrāj.) [58], In 1967, after years of Egyptian-aided Palestinian fedayeen attacks stemming from the Gaza Strip, the Egyptian expulsion of UNEF, Egypt's amassing of an increased number of troops in the Sinai Peninsula, and several other threatening gestures from other neighboring Arab nations, Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egypt. At 19:00 on 18 July, the second truce of the conflict went into effect after intense diplomatic efforts by the UN. On September 9, 1993, Yasser Arafat sent a letter to Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, stating that the PLO officially recognized Israel's right to exist and officially renouncing terrorism. After ʿAbbāsid authority was briefly restored, Palestine came under Ikhshīdid rule (935–969).

The area controlled by the PLO became known by the international press and locals as "Fatahland", which created tensions with local Lebanese and contributed to the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. [62][63][64], The 1972 also saw increasing Soviet involvement, with KGB and Securitate organizing trainings on covert bombing and plane hijacking for PLO, as well as publishing of propaganda (such as The Protocols of the Elders of Zion) in Arabic language to further fuel the conflict.[65][66]. On visiting the Temple Mount area—which Muslims came to know as Al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf (Arabic: “The Noble Sanctuary”)—and finding the place suffering from neglect, ʿUmar and his followers cleaned it with their own hands and declared it a sacred place of prayer, erecting there the first structure called Al-Aqṣā Mosque. It seems likely that there were additional extraordinary taxes levied by edict from Egypt. After this, a long process of negotiation known as the "Oslo peace process" began.

[26] With dissent from some of its members, the Commission instead recommended a plan that would leave the Galilee under British mandate, but emphasised serious problems with it that included a lack of financial self-sufficiency of the proposed Arab State. The center of PLO activity then shifted to Lebanon, where they established bases to stage attacks on Israel and launch an international terror campaign, largely aimed at abducting airplanes. This caused the US to withdraw its support for the Partition plan, and the Arab League began to believe that the Palestinian Arabs, reinforced by the Arab Liberation Army, could end the partition.

Shortly after Israel seized control over Jerusalem, Israel asserted sovereignty over the entire city of Jerusalem and the Palestinian residents of East Jerusalem were given a permanent resident status in Israel. Israel ended the ceasefire after an assassination attempt on the Israeli Ambassador in Britain, Shlomo Argov, in mid-1982 (which was made by Abu Nidal's organization that was ostracized from the PLO). Tensions in Israel, arising from the continuation of terrorism and anger at loss of territory, led to the assassination of Prime Minister Rabin by a right-wing Jewish radical on November 4, 1995. The absence of epigraphic evidence from the cities of Ptolemaic Palestine, however, renders any judgment about the conditions of the cities hazardous.

[60] Bernadotte was voted in by the General Assembly to "assure the safety of the holy places, to safeguard the well being of the population, and to promote 'a peaceful adjustment of the future situation of Palestine'".

Apart from these disturbances, the country enjoyed peace and prosperity until 611, when Khosrow II, king of Persia, launched an invasion of Byzantine territory.

The United States and Israel accused Arafat of constantly undermining Abbas and his government.

In November 1938 it recommended against the Peel Commission’s plan—largely on the ground that the number of Arabs in the proposed Jewish state would be almost equal to the number of Jews—and put forward alternative proposals drastically reducing the area of the Jewish state and limiting the sovereignty of the proposed states.

After the barrier went up, Palestinian suicide bombings and other attacks across Israel dropped by 90%. About 70,000 Jews were brought to Palestine in this way in 1946 and 1947. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. This led to retaliations from Israel.

[100] According to Palestinians sources civilian houses were hit and[101] Gaza Health officials state that 167 Palestinians had been killed in the conflict by November 23. Although the camps strengthened family and village ties, their demoralized inhabitants were isolated from mainstream Palestinian political activities during the 1950s.

There were 25,000 Jews, who constituted the "Old Yishuv" (yishuv means "settlement" but referred to the Jewish inhabitants of Palestine). By November 19, over 252 Israelis were physically injured in rocket attacks. [90] Civilian infrastructure, including mosques, houses, medical facilities and schools, were also attacked.

In fact, however, it was under Seleucid rule that the great uprising of the Jewish people, the revolt of the Maccabees, occurred.

[73] On September 13, Arafat and Rabin signed a Declaration of Principles in Washington, D.C., on the basis of the negotiations between Israeli and Palestinian teams in Oslo, Norway. Syria and Lebanon fought several skirmishes with the Israeli forces in the north.

In Syria, the militarization of the revolution resulted in the rebirth of al-Qaeda, with the official announcement on 24 January 2012 of the establishment of al-Nusra Front for the People of the Levant. The three surviving Palestinians were released without charge by the German authorities a month later. [...] But it can serve as a decisive stage along the path to greater Zionist implementation. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Seeking to find a solution acceptable to both parties, the British announced the impracticability of partition and called for a roundtable conference in London. These recommendations were substantially adopted by a two-thirds majority of the UN General Assembly in Resolution 181, dated November 29, 1947, a decision made possible partly because of an agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union on partition and partly because pressure was exerted on some small countries by Zionist sympathizers in the United States. "This construction violates previous agreements and undermines efforts to achieve peace. The Woodhead Commission, under Sir John Woodhead, was set up to examine the practicality of partition. Neither side respected the truce; both found ways around the restrictions. There, the Germans separated the Jewish passengers from the Non-Jewish passengers, releasing the non-Jews. Although some Gaza Strip Palestinians were able to leave the territory and gain an education and find employment elsewhere, most had no alternative but to stay in the area, despite its lack of natural resources and jobs. ), After the death of Alexander in 323 bce, Palestine, with much of Syria and Phoenicia, fell to Ptolemy I (Soter), who established himself as satrap in Egypt that same year and adopted the title of king by 304. As citizens of the State of Israel, in theory they were guaranteed equal religious and civil rights with Jews. On 16 September, a new partition for Palestine was proposed, but was rejected by both sides.

Throughout the war Zionists sought with growing urgency to increase Jewish immigration to Palestine, while the British sought to prevent such immigration, regarding it as illegal and a threat to the stability of a region essential to the war effort.

Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! About 35,000 Jews relocated to the area between 1882 and 1903. [1] Towards the end of the 19th century, Palestine, which was divided between the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, Syria Vilayet and Beirut Vilayet, was inhabited predominantly by Arab Muslims, both farmers and Bedouin (principally in the Negev and Jordan Valley), with smaller numbers of Christians (mostly Arabs), Druze, Circassians and Jews (predominantly Sephardic). The invasion marked the beginning of the second phase of the war, the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. In December 1945 the league declared a boycott of Zionist goods.



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