[9], The original version of the play was in three acts and was first staged on 12 May 1664 at the Palace of Versailles' Cour de Marbre[10] as part of festivities known as Les Plaisirs de l'île enchantée. [6] In 1669, after Molière's detractors lost much of their influence, he was finally allowed to perform the final version of his play. Drama Criticism. The play has since been revived at the Festival in 1969, 1983, 1984, 2000, and 2017. The characters of Tartuffe, Elmire, and Orgon are considered among the greatest classical theatre roles.

Very soon, Monsieur Loyal shows up with a message from Tartuffe and the court itself – they must move out from the house because it now belongs to Tartuffe. Determined to get it back on the boards, he rewrote and retitled it The Imposter. Tartuffe was perennially banned, and Molière had to resort to using his influence with the king to get permission for the play to be produced. Engelberts, Matthijs (2018), "Molière's Tartuffe and French National Identity: Reconfiguring the King, the People and the Church", Reconsidering National Plays in Europe, Springer International Publishing, pp.

[17] Bolt's translation was later staged at the National in 2002 with Margaret Tyzack as Madame Pernelle, Martin Clunes as Tartuffe, Clare Holman as Elmire, Julian Wadham as Cleante and David Threlfall as Orgon. The storyof Tartuffe and its author is one of foolish provocation andbold determination. Commedia takes a few stock figures — the old man, the pedant,the wily servant, the young lover, etc. Tartuffe takes his temporary leave and Orgon's family tries to figure out what to do. He attended the Collège de Clermont, a Jesuit school whose curriculum included drama for training in speech and Latin. The Huntington has had 16 shows moved to Broadway and Off Broadway including Stick Fly and Sons of the Prophet. Dorine makes fun of Monsieur Loyal's name, mocking his fake loyalty. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal Finally, the king intervened and on February 5, 1669, Tartuffe opened at the Palais-Royal with Molière in the role of Orgon. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. Even Madame Pernelle, who had refused to believe any ill about Tartuffe even in the face of her son's actually seeing it, has become convinced by this time of Tartuffe's duplicity. Please download Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome. © 2020 Huntington Theatre Company. Tartuffe is at first shocked but recovers very well. A play about a hypocritical criminal masquerading as a holy man did not make the church particularly happy. "THE THEATER, an Introduction" published Holt, Rhinehart,and Winston. Head of the house and husband of Elmire, he is blinded by admiration for Tartuffe. In a later scene, Elmire takes up the charge again and challenges Orgon to be witness to a meeting between herself and Tartuffe. That version played in 1667 and was immediately censored by the Paris authorities. Tartuffe pretends to be pious and to speak with divine authority, and Orgon and his mother no longer take any action without first consulting him. The National Theatre Company performed a production in 1967 using the Richard Wilbur translation and featuring Sir John Gielgud as Orgon, Robert Stephens as Tartuffe, Jeremy Brett as Valere, Derek Jacobi as The Officer and Joan Plowright as Dorine.[16]. For the hamlet in North Yorkshire, England, see, This article is about the play. All rights reserved | Trouble viewing this site? To know the comic we must know the rational, of which it denotes the absence and we must see wherein the rational consists ... incongruity is the heart of the comic ... it follows that all lying, disguise, cheating, dissimulation, all outward show different from the reality, all contradiction in fact between actions that proceed from a single source, all this is in essence comic. Though Tartuffe was received well by the public and even by Louis XIV, it immediately sparked conflict amongst many different groups who were offended by the play's portrayal of someone who was outwardly pious but fundamentally mercenary, lecherous, and deceitful; and who uses their profession of piety to prey on others. As a gift to Tartuffe and further punishment to Damis and the rest of his family, Orgon signs over all his worldly possessions to Tartuffe. Productions for French television were filmed in 1971, 1975, 1980, 1983 and 1998. The young romantic lead, who struggles to win the hand of his true love, Orgon's daughter Mariane. Was "Tartuffe" made during the Renaissance? Because of the attacks on the play and the ban that was placed on it, this version was never published, and no text has survived, giving rise to much speculation as to whether it was a work in progress or a finished piece. Molière was buried at night with no ceremony.

As a pious man and a guest, he should have no such feelings for the lady of the house, and the family hopes that after such a confession, Orgon will throw Tartuffe out of the house. Even before its premiere in 1664, the first version of Tartuffe was already a subject of great concern in the court. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. But Molière has a lot in common with Orgon in that he too was willing to throw everything away in pursuit of his own obsession: the stage. In an effort to show Orgon how awful Tartuffe really is, the family devises a scheme to trap Tartuffe into confessing to Elmire (Orgon's wife) his desire for her. The theatre quickly went bankrupt and young Molière was hauled off to jail. Tartuffe's popularity was cut short when the archbishop of Paris Péréfixe issued an edict threatening excommunication for anyone who watched, performed in, or read the play. Services, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. It was completed by Mikhail Kedrov and opened on 4 December 1939.[15]. Molière continued to write, perform, and innovate until his death in 1673. answer!

However, due to all the controversy surrounding Tartuffe, Molière mostly refrained from writing such incisive plays as this one again.[7]. The drama ends well, and Orgon announces the upcoming wedding of Valère and Mariane. Ultimately saved by his talent, work ethic, and family connections, his story could just as easily ended up as tragedy instead of triumph. © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. 1964.

Orgon raises the stakes when he announces that he will marry Tartuffe to his daughter Mariane (already engaged to Valère).

Although public performances of the play were banned, private performances for the French aristocracy did occur. The play revolves around the attempts by the family, friends, and household of Orgon (his wife Elmire, his brother-in-law Cléante, his son Damis, his daughter Mariane, Mariane's fiancé Valère, and the maidservant Dorine) to unmask and get rid of Tartuffe. The largely-final, revised third version in five acts, under the title Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur, appeared on 5 February 1669 at the Palais-Royal theatre and was highly successful. The surprise twist ending, in which everything is set right by the unexpected benevolent intervention of the heretofore unseen King, is considered a notable modern-day example of the classical theatrical plot device deus ex machina. This section of letter contradicts the latter by describing how Tartuffe's actions are worthy of ridicule, in essence comic, and therefore by no means an endorsement. [11] This version was published[13] and is the one that is generally performed today. 2006. http://versaillescentury.com/2017/02/06/versailles-cour-de-marbre/, Tartuffe, Roger McGough, Liverpool Playhouse, "About the play - Tartuffe - Royal Shakespeare Company", "Tartuffe | American Stage Theatre Company", "BBC Play of the Month (1965–1983) : Tartuffe", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tartuffe&oldid=986680862, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. It turns out that earlier, before the events of the play, Orgon had admitted to Tartuffe that he had possession of a box of incriminating letters (written by a friend, not by him).

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